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What Is Root Canal Treatment (Endodontics)? Root canal treatment is performed when the pulp tissue inside the tooth, which contains nerves and blood vessels, becomes infected. A tooth consists of three layers, and the pulp is located within the root canals. Thanks to modern dental techniques, an infected tooth can now be saved instead of being extracted. During root canal treatment, the infected nerve and tissue are removed, the canals are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and then filled with special materials. This allows the tooth to continue functioning naturally. In adults, tooth nerves mainly transmit hot and cold sensations, so no functional loss occurs after treatment. How Is Root Canal Treatment Performed and How Long Does It Take? Depending on the condition of the tooth, treatment can be completed in 1 to 3 sessions. Before the procedure, X-rays are taken to evaluate the root canals. The treatment is performed under local anesthesia; the tooth is isolated, infected tissues are removed, the canals are shaped, and finally sealed with a permanent or temporary filling. Root canal treatment is a safe and effective procedure that prevents tooth loss and preserves chewing and speaking functions.