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What Is Periodontology? Periodontology is the branch of dentistry that focuses on the health of the tissues supporting the teeth, including the gums and jawbone. Periodontitis is a serious gum disease in which gum inflammation progresses and affects the jawbone. The main cause of periodontal disease is bacterial plaque; however, genetic, environmental, and systemic factors may also contribute. Symptoms of Periodontal Disease The most common early symptom of periodontal disease is bleeding gums. Other signs may include: Red, swollen gums Bad breath Gum discomfort or itching Tooth sensitivity Loose teeth Because periodontal disease often progresses without pain, it may go unnoticed in its early stages and can eventually lead to tooth loss if left untreated. How Is Periodontal Disease Treated? The primary goal of periodontal treatment is to restore gum health and prevent tooth loss. Depending on the severity of the condition, treatment may include oral hygiene instruction, professional cleaning, root surface smoothing, and, when necessary, surgical procedures. Gum aesthetics may also be addressed as part of periodontal therapy. With early diagnosis and proper care, periodontal disease can be successfully treated. Healthy gums are essential for long-lasting and effective dental treatments.